Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove abnormal growths from the bladder. This method is commonly applied in the diagnosis and treatment of superficial (non-muscle invasive) bladder tumors, especially in the early stages of the disease.

The procedure is performed using a resectoscope, which is inserted through the urethra. This allows tumor removal without the need for external abdominal incisions. TURBT also enables the collection of tissue samples for histopathological analysis, which is crucial for determining further treatment steps.

TURBT is recommended for patients who have:

• A visible bladder tumor detected via ultrasound or cystoscopy
• Blood in the urine (hematuria) as a potential sign of a tumor
• Confirmed low- or intermediate-risk superficial bladder tumors
• The need for accurate diagnosis before making treatment decisions

Before surgery, patients typically undergo the following diagnostic procedures:

• Blood and urine tests
• Urine cytology to detect abnormal cells
• Ultrasound of the bladder
• Cystoscopy – visual examination of the bladder interior
• ECG and pre-anesthesia evaluation

Patients may be advised to temporarily stop taking medications that affect blood clotting.

TURBT is usually performed under spinal or general anesthesia and takes about 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the size and location of the tumor. The procedure includes:

• Inserting the resectoscope through the urethra
• Identifying and removing tumor tissue using an electric loop
• Coagulating blood vessels to minimize bleeding
• Placing a urinary catheter, typically removed within 24 to 48 hours
• Sending tissue samples for pathological analysis to guide further treatment

• Hospital stay: 1 to 2 days
• Catheter use: Up to 48 hours, depending on bleeding
• Return to daily activities: Usually within 2 to 3 weeks

Temporary blood in the urine and increased urinary frequency may occur but typically resolve within a few days.

Regular follow-up is essential after TURBT, as there is a risk of tumor recurrence. Other possible complications include:

• Urinary tract infections
• Urethral scarring that may cause difficulty urinating
• Temporary urinary incontinence

Patients are advised to avoid strenuous physical activity and to increase fluid intake to help flush the urinary system.